Transforming and Retouching > Transforming layers, selections, and shapes > Using the Free Transform command
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Using the Free Transform command


The Free Transform command lets you apply transformations (rotate, scale, skew, distort, and perspective) in one continuous operation. Instead of choosing different commands, you simply hold down a key on your keyboard to switch between transformation types.

To freely transform a layer:

1 Select the layer, area, or shape you want to transform. (See Specifying what to transform.)

2 Choose Image > Transform > Free Transform. If you are transforming a shape with the custom shape tool selected, choose Image > Transform Path > Free Transform Shape.

3 Do one or more of the following:
  • To scale, drag a handle. Press Shift as you drag a corner handle to scale proportionately. When positioned over a handle, the pointer becomes a double arrow ().
  • To rotate, move the pointer outside of the bounding border (it becomes a curved, two-sided arrow) (), and then drag. Press Shift to constrain the rotation to 15° increments.
  • To rotate around a point other than the center of the layer or selection, see Setting the reference point.
  • To distort freely, press Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS), and drag a handle.
  • To skew, press Ctrl+Shift (Windows) or Command+Shift (Mac OS), and drag a side handle. When positioned over a side handle, the pointer becomes a white arrowhead with a small double arrow ().
  • To apply perspective, press Ctrl+Alt+Shift (Windows) or Command+Option+Shift (Mac OS), and drag a corner handle. When positioned over a corner handle, the pointer becomes a gray arrowhead ().

    • To undo the last handle adjustment, choose Edit > Undo.

    4 Click the OK button () in the options bar, or press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac OS), to commit the transformation.

    Transforming and Retouching > Transforming layers, selections, and shapes > Using the Free Transform command